Access to modern contraceptives varies widely across regions, shaped by socio-economic, cultural, and policy-related factors. While some countries have made significant progress, others continue to face substantial barriers, including financial constraints, restrictive laws, religious opposition, and social stigma. The scale of the issue is underscored by the fact that, in 2021, approximately 164 million women of reproductive age worldwide lacked access to the contraception they needed, a significant proportion of whom reside in low- and middle-income countries. Across the globe, marginalised populations are among the most vulnerable; for example, indigenous communities frequently encounter structural barriers to accessing health care, including reproductive services, due to geographic isolation, poverty, and cultural mismatch with mainstream systems [1]. Overcoming these challenges requires more than simply expanding supply; it demands deliberate, equity-focused strategies that recognise and address the specific needs of underserved populations. Ensuring universal access to contraception is not only essential to safeguarding reproductive autonomy but also critical to advancing health equity, gender justice, and sustainable development. As the following section will demonstrate, translating global commitments into tangible outcomes depends on targeted, context-sensitive policies and sustained investment.